Tv and Drama

There are two main sound techniques in films, known as diegetic and non diegetic. Diegetic (ACTUAL SOUND) is visible or suggested in the actual world of film. Some examp0les of diegetic sounds are: •The actor speaking to (dialogue)each other •The sounds coming from any object on screen e.g. crying baby or dog barking •The music that comes from a radio or orchestra Here is an example of a Diegetic scene Non-Diegetic sounds are Sounds which sources are not present in the world of the movie visibly. some examples are:music/score used to show emotions, a voice over/narration and other extra sounds for greater/subliminal effects and atmosphere. Here is an example of a Non-Diegetic scene SOUND MOTIF sound motifs make the audience emotionally ready for the arrival, or actions of a certain character. sound motifs are very useful in the rough cut, they are able to help show the narrative actions of the characters and provide a sound combination for such characters as the story carry's on. Here is an example of a sound motif CONTRAPUNTAL contrapuntal Sounds are sounds which doesn't match the images they are presented with. This gives a disorientating effect on the audience and make them question what/why they are seeing what they are looking at. Here is an example of a contrapuntal sound.

Expansion of time in Editing.

When expansion of  time in a video, occurs the duration of the video sequence becomes longer than real-time. This is occasional it's not often that editors want their audience to see something more slowly than it actually happened.

Never the less, there are other obvious exceptions. The most common is the sports slow-motion replay, this is  where an action  that took place in real-time in  few seconds is slowed down and repeated until it takes half a minute or more. This type of time-expansion is used to add effect, additional information, or to help the viewer process information that would be too fast and difficult to capture in real-time.

Slow Motion

 This simply slows down the speed of a video clip, and  increases the duration the activities being shown.

Time Remapping

This technique  means that the editor is not limited to setting a particular speed for a video clip; rather, the speed can be changed smoothly  as time goes on . For example a scene can start off in real time and slowly (or quickly) increase in speed. The speed  goes up and down as the editor pleases.

SLOW MOTION Repetition of different angles

Repetition, Different Angles

The same shot of a scene can be shown from multiple angles continuously . This is commonly used in sports and is also used in genres such as action films ( explosions are shown from different angles).
on the contrary , things that happen simultaneously in different settings can be shown in sequence. , for example, a number of scenes can be shown one after the other that are expected to have taken place either at the same time or in a different order.
Including cutaways and different angles can slow down  an event that would be very quick in real time. Reality-TV programs is an example where the "announcement of the winner". After a very long build-up to the final moment where the winner /loser is announced, the editor does this to make the audience see the intensity of the competition and also feel like the competitors, for all it's worth.

Example of time in Editing





Sound techniques in TV and Film.


There are two main sound techniques in films, known as diegetic and non diegetic. Diegetic (ACTUAL SOUND) is visible or suggested in the actual world of film. Some examp0les of diegetic sounds are: •The actor speaking to (dialogue)each other •The sounds coming from any object on screen e.g. crying baby or dog barking •The music that comes from a radio or orchestra Here is an example of a Diegetic scene.

This video gives a great explanation of how important and effective camera angle shots can be, as each angle shot has very interesting meaning behind it.Some examples of angle shots explained by this video are 'close up'; the meaning of this angle is to be able to make the audience feel as though as they are being directly addressed by the character on screen,Another feature explained by the this video is that the establishing shot; this shot is purposely instructed by the director to the camera man, because the director wants the audience to get a clear idea about the sort of environment the character is in as it helps them understand the scenario been presented to them in a great detail. an example of a great camera angle shots is establishing shot ; this is beautifully shown in the video. The second video is an example of an establishing shot.An establishing shot is usually the first shot of a new scene, designed to show the audience where the action is taking place. It is also usually a very wide shot or extreme wide shot this gives us an idea of the location of the next scene coming up. The third video shows many examples of the extreme close up angle shot; which creates effect on the audience by making the audience have an extreme focus on the character's actions. Using quick close-up frequently cuts to characters faces is used far more often in television, than in movies and video, and they are especially common in soap operas and sporting events where the capturing of action is just as important as conveying the subjects emotion such as ;A lot of times close shots are used to differentiate the main characters in a story. Main characters are usually given a close shot when they are introduced as a way of identify their importance. Main characters may have various close shots so that the audience can become more emotionally involved with them. However, a director may also intentionally avoid close shots sometimes to give the audience an “emotional distance " from the character, subject or subject matter. MEDDIUM SHOT With the medium shot you can still see the facial expressions of the characters while being far enough back so that the audience can still see the subject in action.This shot is often used in an interview if the person is animated with their movements, because it being good for showing facial expressions it, also works well in showing the body language of the subject as they are usually far enough away so that you can show the arms and some part of the legs. It allows the audience gain a “connection” with the subject/character being shot while providing “space” for the subject’s movements, expressions, and gestures. Also in news footage we will often see a shot sequence beginning with a mid-shot that provides general information on the scene and subject followed by closer shots to provide information about the subject's reactions and emotions. This is therefore an effective angle to included in any type of video. However overusing this type of camera shot can make a video or film monotonous and visually boring to audience. PAN - Pan is turning the camera around the vertical axis to the left or right. A slow pan across a landscape can be a good establishing shot too. An example of a quick pan from the hero to the villain sneaking up behind can have an effect on the audience by leaving them startled and eager to want to know what is going to happen next. TILT Tilt is turning the camera on the horizontal axis to point up or down. Tilt down to show how deep a canyon is, or tilt up to show the height of a cliff the hero must climb. This feature has great effect on the audience as it gives them a similar thrill as to what the character/subject is supposed to be experiencing. DOLLY Dolly Shot is any shot where the camera is mounted on a moving platform. The dolly may be on free moving wheels or on a track to ensure the shot can be repeated in each take. This shot may be to follow some action such as two people walking and talking. Often it is just to move the audience through a set so they can understand the layout of the scene, and feel more engaged with the characters. ZOOMING Zooming brings the audience closer or further away from the scene. Zoom shots were popular in the 70s but because they are unnatural for the human eye, and are therefore often a bit uncomfortable for the audience, they are not normally used today in films. However this can also raise tension for the audience. e LOW ANGLE Low angle is Shooting with the camera very close to the ground. This can emphasize the size and power of the character, or make the character appear to be staring off into space depending on how it is used. This makes the audience instantly understand the relevance of the character. HIGH ANGLE High Angle is Shooting with the camera held above the actors heads. This can make the actor appear small and helpless. This therefore suggests that the high angle shots create an opposite effect on the audience as to Low angle. Dutch angle Dutch Angle is a shot where the camera is tilted and turned at a disconcerting angle. Used to show that the situation is "out of balance".





Racial stereotypical representation.SCENE FROM 2BrokeGirls.


Women being materialistic.SCENE FROM CLULESS.


Masculinity.HURCULES


Feminity/gender

Sexuality (gay/lesbian) SCESNE FROM MEAN GILS. 




lighting Effects

 Panic Room’ This is a film still is from ‘Panic Room’. The mise-en-scene presents the divide between the leading character and the opponent. It is very easy to identify who is the leading character/protagonist and who are the leading characters are as the lighting symbolises the purity of the two females on the right hand side of the shot and the lack of lighting suggests the dark/obstructive thoughts that the antagonist/opponent on the left hand side may be thinking. The opponent’s face is also gives us a clue as to the sort of character he might play as there is rage and fatalism in his face to get to the other side of the wall. The actions and the positioning of his legs represents this due to the strong actions which yet to take place due to his leg positioning. 'Garden State' 

mood This shot from 'Garden State' is lit to give a warm and comfortable setting. The major light between both characters has a slight yellow tint, and its placement aims to draw the audience's eye to the small space between the characters, noting their closeness/intimacy. A warm, gently bright fill light softens the shadows on the characters, granting to the complete relaxed atmosphere of the scene. Both characters also have remarkable highlights on their wet hair, caused by end lights off-camera. This signifies that they are wet and still comfortable enough to be so close to each other. Meet the Parents  low angle This is a film still from 'Meet the Parents' which shows a low angle shot of the leading character. The low angle shot connotes a sense of panic and tension , as the character seems to be desperately hanging onto a cat, whilst on top of a roof of a house and with fire starting in the gutter. The facial expressions of the protagonists/leading character connotes fear and anxiety, as he does not want to let go of the cat, and let him fall. This therefore makes the audience seem to be the observers from a low angle and could spot with the protagonist/leading character, this angle also demonstrate how the audience are expecting the cat to be safe and for the anxiety and distress to be removed.

Meet the Parents  low angle